From the roots of manifest destiny to the pillaging of cultural objects, museums have a long history of malpractice that have not only disregarded the rights and consent of indigenous communities but also inevitably led to the loss of cultural heritage.
Many museums tend to prioritize Eurocentric perspectives that promote stereotypes and biases — biases that teach inaccurate representation of non-Western culture and history to the public. Indigenous voices are often excluded, which leaves many sacred objects and artifacts to be displayed without proper context or understanding of their cultural significance.
One example of the effects of colonization by museums can be seen in the Haida people of Haida Gwaii, an indigenous community that resides in Canada. During the colonial period, precious artifacts such as ceremonial objects, ancestral remains, and more were taken by collectors without the consent of the Haida community.
These artifacts were displayed without proper context or documentation of their cultural significance, thus leading to the loss of heritage and community as their family’s remains were seized and held in museums, far from their lands. The voices of the Haida people were stolen for entertainment which inevitably reinforced stereotypes and colonial power. Their story is not uncommon; many other groups have lost artifacts that tell their story of culture, heritage, and family.
However, in recent years, the Haida people have been able to collaborate and negotiate with museums and governments to reclaim their history. These objects, now returned to their rightful owners, have renewed and strengthened cultural identity.
Similarly, these reparations have also been cemented through legislation and other acts such as the Archaeological Resources Protection Act which makes it illegal to damage or remove artifacts from federal and Native American lands. It also prohibits the buying, selling, exchanging, or transportation of items obtained illegally under the act. The International Council of Museums was also created to address decolonization and adopted a code of ethics which aims to emphasize diversity and dialogue.
The history of decolonizing museums demonstrates a growing awareness of the need to challenge colonial legacies and prioritize inclusivity through legislation, communication, and more between marginalized communities. This movement represents a societal shift in highlighting the importance of representation and equity within all aspects of society. There are a few ways that we, as individuals, can help our community.
First, take the time to educate yourself about the history and perspectives of marginalized communities, particularly indigenous peoples.
Use your privilege to amplify the voices of individuals — share their stories, art, and most importantly, support initiatives led by indigenous activists, scholars, and artists who are working towards decolonizing museums.
Support Indigenous-led initiatives by attending exhibitions events organized by indigenous communities and purchasing artwork directly from indigenous artists.
